Question 1

Examine the following data from a made-up language Abra and answer the questions that follow. The prefix means “accidentally”.

a) Identify and list all the allomorphs of the prefix.

b) For each allomorph, identify all the environments in which it occurs.

c) What is the underlying form of the allomorph?

d) State the rules that must be applied to derive the surface representation(s).

Question 2

a) All languages are governed by phonotactics and alternations. Examine the following statements. Apply and test your understanding of alternations to name the following five alternations below assimilation, coalescence, debuccalization, deletion, dissimilation, epenthesis, fortition, lengthening, shortening, lenition, or metathesis. If it is a case of assimilation or dissimilation, state whether it is local or long-distance. Some may contain more than one alternation.

i) In Moro, the locative prefix is pronounced as [ek] if the word-initial consonant is voiced and [eg] if it is voiceless.

ii) In English, the words “should you” are often pronounced as [facto] instead of [fad

iii) In Florentine Italian, intervocalic voiceless stops become fricatives.

iv) The English word “ask” is often pronounced [a:ks] instead of [a:sk].

v) In Hungarian, the dative suffix is pronounced [-nek] before words that contain all high vowels but as [nak] before words that contain back vowels. is prefixed to a word with a high vowel, a mid vowel results.