Question 1

(a) In Cianjur City, an Indonesian doctor, Dr Yusuf Nugraha, accepts discarded plastic bottles in return for medical treatment (“Trash-for-healthcare Programme”). Through the Trash-for-healthcare Programme and various other initiatives, Dr Yusuf Nugraha, seeks to achieve a positive impact on the environment and the local community. (See https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/indonesia-doctor-discarded-plastic-bottles- trash-free-healthcare-3566061?cid=internal_sharetool_androidphone_18062023_cna) Examine how the Trash-for-healthcare Programme, as well as the other initiatives by Dr Yusuf Nugraha, have impacted the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (“SDGs”). Please write your answer in an essay format. [In your answer, you are to identify three (3) SDGs that the Trash-for-healthcare Programme and Dr Yusuf Nugraha’s initiatives have impacted, and discuss the positive impacts achieved on the SDGs.] (25 marks)

(b) Propose a concept or idea which seeks to achieve a positive impact on any two (2) of the SDGs which was identified in your answer for question 1(a) above, as well as two (2) other SDGs, and explain how the concept or idea helps in achieving the SDGs. (40 marks)

(c) Plastic credits have been mooted at United Nations talks as part of proposed ways to address global plastic pollution. Analyse how plastic credits can be an effective way to address the plastic pollution problem and provide relevant examples in support of your analysis. Discuss any two (2) issues of using plastic credits and how the issues can be addressed. Please write your answer in an essay format.